ISRAEL/LEBANON: BRANCHES OF HEZBOLLAH-AFFILIATED FINANCIAL INSTITUTION NOT MILITARY TARGETS

At 8:55pm on 20 October 2024, the Israeli military’s Arabic spokesperson announced on X (formerly Twitter) that its forces would begin “attacking infrastructure belonging to the Hezbollah’s Qard al-Hassan” instructing residents to get away from those branches immediately. The first strike was reported 35 minutes later at around 9:30 pm. Lebanese state media reported a total of 11 strikes on Qard al-Hassan buildings in the southern suburbs of Beirut, as well as several other branches in other parts of the country, including the south and the Bekaa

The Israeli military’s targeting of branches of Qard al-Hassan, a non-profit financial association affiliated with Hezbollah, with over 30 branches across Lebanon, likely violates international humanitarian law and must be investigated as a war crime, Amnesty International said today.

Under the laws of war, branches of financial institutions are civilian objects unless they are being used for military purposes. Therefore, these attacks likely constitute a direct attack on civilian objects.

At 8:55pm on 20 October 2024, the Israeli military’s Arabic spokesperson announced on X (formerly Twitter) that its forces would begin “attacking infrastructure belonging to the Hezbollah’s Qard al-Hassan” instructing residents to get away from those branches immediately. The first strike was reported 35 minutes later at around 9:30 pm. Lebanese state media reported a total of 11 strikes on Qard al-Hassan buildings in the southern suburbs of Beirut, as well as several other branches in other parts of the country, including the south and the Bekaa.

Qard al-Hassan, operating under a license granted by the Lebanese government, is currently Lebanon’s biggest microcredit provider.  It is used by many Lebanese civilians, predominantly Shiites, to access small, interest-free loans.  Many Lebanese people from various sects have increasingly relied on Qard al-Hassan for loans to pay for education, health care and small businesses, particularly since the collapse of Lebanon’s banking sector in 2019. It has been under US sanctions since 2007.

Israeli forces have targeted an institution that serves as an economic lifeline for countless Lebanese civilians

Erika Guevara Rosas, Senior Director for Research, Advocacy, Policy and Campaigns

“Israeli forces have targeted an institution that serves as an economic lifeline for countless Lebanese civilians. This, along with an evacuation warning issued less than 40 minutes before the start of the strikes, shows Israel’s disregard for international humanitarian law. Even if as the Israeli military alleges, the institution does provide financing to Hezbollah, it is not likely to meet the definition of a military objective, particularly for branches serving civilian customers,” said Erika Guevara Rosas, Amnesty International’s Senior Director for Research, Advocacy, Policy and Campaigns.

“Under international humanitarian law, attacks against civilians and civilian objects are prohibited. An international investigation into the attacks on Qard al-Hassan must be urgently initiated. In the meantime, the Israeli military must take all necessary steps to safeguard civilian lives and strictly adhere to international humanitarian law. Israeli forces must maintain a clear distinction between military objectives and civilian objects at all times. Israel must abandon a definition of military objectives that is so broad as to include branches of a financial institution.”

According to customary international humanitarian law, an object must meet two criteria to be classified as a military objective. First, it must effectively contribute to military action, based on its location, nature, purpose or use. Second, destroying the object must provide a definite military advantage in the circumstances ruling at the time.

International humanitarian law prohibits direct attacks against “civilian objects,” such as homes and apartments, businesses and shops, unless these buildings are being used for military purposes. Having an association with Hezbollah is not sufficient to classify a civilian building or the civilians inside it as military objectives.

Many of Qard al-Hassan’s branches and offices are located in residential buildings and in the middle of densely populated residential areas. Hundreds of residents had to flee their homes after the Israeli military issued several evacuation warnings.

A senior Israeli intelligence official was quoted in the media stating that in addition to hindering the ability of Hezbollah to function and rebuild following the war, “the main objective is to affect trust between Hezbollah and a lot of the Shiite community that uses this association as a banking system”. Undermining the trust between Hezbollah and the Shiite community is not a lawful justification for militarily targeting an institution.